O delito leve de furto na cidade de Barcelona. Perfil do ofensor e comparação de acordo com o tipo de roubo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22335/rlct.v13i2.1412Palavras-chave:
delito leve de hurto, hurto personal, hurto comercial, perfil del delincuente, prevención, BarcelonaResumo
A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o perfil dos criminosos que cometem crimes menores de furto na cidade de Barcelona com base no furto cometido, seja ele comercial ou pessoal. A amostra foi obtida de processos policiais da Guarda Urbana de Barcelona. Foram estudados 56 delitos de furto leve, com um total de 71 infratores. Os resultados revelam que os criminosos são comumente homens, adultos jovens, estrangeiros, agem individualmente e os mais jovens em grupos, possuem domicílio em Barcelona, com antecedentes criminais reiterando o furto, mas com versatilidade criminal ao também cometer outros tipos de crimes. Diferenças são encontradas dependendo se o roubo é comercial ou pessoal. Conclui-se que os ladrões comerciais são mais planejados e premeditados; ao contrário dos pessoais, sendo mais oportunistas e dependendo mais do acaso. Por fim, este estudo facilita a tomada de decisão no trabalho policial frente à prevenção do crime, considerando as características e o comportamento criminoso dos infratores de acordo com o tipo de furto.
Downloads
Referências
Andersson, P. K. (2014). “Bustling, crowding, and pushing”: pickpockets and the nineteenth-century street crowd. Urban History, 41(02), 291-310. https://doi.org/10.1017/S096392681300059X
Alarid, L. F., Burton, V. S., & Hochstetler, A. L. (2009). Group and solo robberies: do accomplices shape criminal form? Journal of Criminal Justice, 37(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCRIMJUS.2008.12.001
Bennell, C., & Canter, D. V. (2002). Linking commercial burglaries by modus operandi: tests using regression and roc analysis. Science & Justice, 42(3), 153-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1355-0306(02)71820-0
Bernasco, W. (2006). Co-offending and the choice of target areas in burglary. Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, 3(3), 139-155. https://doi.org/10.1002/jip.49
Bernasco, W., Ruiter, S., & Block, R. (2016). Do Street Robbery Location Choices Vary Over Time of Day or Day of Week? A Test in Chicago. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 54(2), 244-275. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427816680681
Boakye, K.A. (2010). Studying tourists’ suitability as crime targets. Annals of Tourism Research, 37(3), 727-743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2010.01.002
Brookman, F., Mullins, C., Bennett, T., & Wright, R. (2007). Gender, motivation and the accomplishment of street robbery in the United Kingdom. The British Journal of Criminology, 47(6), 861-884. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azm029
Burrell, A., Bull, R., & Bond, J. (2012). Linking Personal Robbery Offences Using Offender Behaviour. Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, 9(3), 201-222. https://doi.org/10.1002/jip.1365
Caputo, G. A., & King, A. (2011). Shoplifting: Work, Agency, and Gender. Feminist Criminology, 6(3), 159-177. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557085111402815
Caputo, G. A., & King, A. (2015). Shoplifting by Male and Female Drug Users. Criminal Justice Review, 40(1), 47-66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734016814568012
Cardone, C. (2006). Opportunity makes the thief: An analysis of the physical cues that influence shoplifter perceptions of the retail interior and the decision to steal [Thesis Master of Interior Design, University of Florida]. http://www.d-ddaily.com/images/4-15-15_LPRC_Opportunity%20makes%20the%20thief.pdf
Cardone, C., & Hayes, R. (2012). Shoplifter Perceptions of Store Environments: An Analysis of how Physical Cues in the Retail Interior Shape Shoplifter Behavior. Journal of Applied Security Research, 7(1), 22-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2012.631178
Cohn, E. G., & Rotton, J. (2000). Weather, seasonal trends and property crimes in Minneapolis, 1987–1988. A moderator-variable time-series analysis of routine activities. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 20(3), 257-272. https://doi.org/10.1006/jevp.1999.0157
Connealy, N. T., & Piza, E. L. (2019). Risk factor and highrisk place variations across different robbery targets in Denver, Colorado. Journal of Criminal Justice, 60, 47-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCRIMIJUS.2018.11.003
Cornish, D., & Clarke, R. V. (2003). Opportunities, precipitators and criminal decisions. Crime Prevention Studies, 16, 41-96.
Delisi, M., & Gatling, J. (2003). Who pays for a life of crime? An empirical assessment of the assorted victimization costs posed by career criminals. Criminal Justice Studies, 16(4), 282-293. https://doi.org/10.1080/0888431032000183489
Deakin, J., Smithson, H., Spencer, J., & Medina-Ariza, J. (2007). Taxing on the Streets: Understanding the Methods and Process of Street Robbery. Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 9(1), 52-67. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.cpcs.8150033
Egan, V., & Taylor, D. (2010). Shoplifting, unethical consumer behavior, and personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(8), 878-883. https://doi.org/:10.1016/j.paid.2010.02.014
Fox, B. H. (2015). Burglary. The Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118519639.wbecpx057
Fox, B. H., & Farrington, D. P. (2012). Creating Burglary Profiles Using Latent Class Analysis. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 39(12), 1582-1611. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854812457921
Fox, B. H., & Farrington, D. P. (2014). Behavioral Consistency Among Serial Burglars. Crime & Delinquency, 62(9), 1-36. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128714540275
Fox, B. H., & Farrington, D. P. (2016). Is the Development of Offenders Related to Crime Scene Behaviors for Burglary? Including Situational Influences in Developmental and Life-Course Theories of Crime. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 60(16), 1897-1927. https://doi.org/:10.1177/0306624x15621982
Fox, B. H., Farrington, D. P. & Michael, C. (2013). Developing a profile for burglary. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin. https://storage.googleapis.com/montco-stats/ProfilingBurglaryFBI.pdf
Francis, B., Liu, J., & Soothill, K. (2010). Criminal Lifestyle Specialization: Female Offending in England and Wales. International Criminal Justice Review, 20(2), 188-204. https://doi.org/10.1177/1057567710368942
Goodwill, A. M, Stephens, S., Oziel, S., Yapp, J., & Bowes, N. (2012). Multidimensional latent classification of “street robbery” offences. Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offenders Profiling, 9(1), 93-109. https://doi.org/10.1002/JIP.1351
Guillaume, P., Sidebottom, A., & Tilley, N. (2012). On police and university collaborations: a problem-oriented policing case study. Police Practice and Research, 13(4), 389-401. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2012.671621
Haberman, C. P., & Ratcliffe, J. H. (2015). Testing for temporally differentiated relationships among potentially criminogenic places and census block street robbery counts. Criminology, 53(3), 457-483. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12076
Han, S., & Sumin Koo, H. (2014). Anti-theft travel bag design: advantage, interest, and satisfaction. International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology and Education, 7(3), 144-153. https://doi.org/10.1080/17543266.2014.937831
Harper, D. W. (2006). The tourist and his criminal: patterns in street robbery. En Y. Mansfeld & A. Pizam (eds.), Tourism, Security and Safety (pp. 125-137). Butterworth-Heinemann. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7506-7898-8.50012-6
Hemmens, C., & Walker, A. (2015). Larceny-Theft. The Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118519639.wbecpx013
Hochstetler, A. (2001). Opportunities and decisions: international dynamics in robbery and burglary groups. Criminology, 39(3), 737-764. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2001.tb00939.x
István, K., & Zimányi, K. (2011). Safety and security in the age of global tourism. Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce, 5(3-4), 59-61. https://doi.org/10.19041/APSTRACT/2011/3-4/10
Jefatura del Estado Español (2015). Ley Orgánica 1/2015, de 30 de marzo, por la que se modifica la Ley Orgánica 10/1995, de 23 de noviembre, del Código Penal. BOE-A-2015-3439. https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2015-3439
Johnson, S. D., Bowers, K. J., Gamman, L., Mamerow, L. & Warne, A. (2010). Theft of customers’ personal property in cafés and bars [Problem-Oriented Guides for Police, Problem-Specific Guides Series, 60]. Center for Problem-Oriented Policing. https://cops.usdoj.gov/RIC/Publications/cops-p183-pub.pdf
Killmier, B., Mueller-Johnson, K. & Coupe, R. T. (2019). Offender-offence profiling: improving burglary solvability and detection. En Coupe, T., Ariel, B. & Mueller-Johnson, K. (Eds.), Crime solvability factors. Police Resources and Crime Detection (pp.257-285). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17160-5_12
Lee, J., de Guzman, M. C., Talebi, N., Korni, S. K., Szumigala, D., & Rao, H. R. (2018). Use of online information and suitability of target in shoplifting: A routine activity based analysis. Decision Support Systems, 110, 1-10. https://doi.org/:10.1016/j.dss.2018.03.001
Lindblom, A., & Kajalo, S. (2011). The use and effectiveness of formal and informal surveillance in reducing shoplifting: a survey in Sweden, Norway and Finland. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 21(2), 111-128. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593969.2011.562677
Liu, L., Lan, M., Eck, J. E., & Kang, E. L. (2020). Assessing the effects of bus stop relocation on street robbery. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 80, 101455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2019.101455
Long, D., Liu, L., Feng, J., Zhou, S., & Jing, F. (2018). Assessing the Influence of Prior on Subsequent Street Robbery Location Choices: A Case Study in ZG City, China. Sustainability, 10(6), 1818. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10061818
Lynn, J. (2004). The effect of tourist theft on future travel decisions [Thesis University of Central Florida]. https://search.proquest.com/openview/ddf5a61ca3f09070679cfcb5169deda5/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
Mawby, R. I. (2000). Tourists’ Perceptions of Security: The Risk-Fear Paradox. Tourism Economics, 6(2), 109-121. https://doi.org/10.5367/000000000101297514
Mawby, R., Brunt, P., & Hambly, Z. (2000). Tourist victimisation and the fear of crime on holiday. Tourism Management, 21(4), 417-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00084-9
Memoria de la Guardia Urbana de Barcelona (2018). Informe de gestión 2018. Ajuntament de Barcelona, Área de Seguridad y Prevención. Guardia Urbana Barcelona. https://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/seguretatiprevencio/sites/default/files/PDF/Mem%C3%B2ria_GUB_2018_ESP.pdf
Monk, K. M., Heinonen, J. A., & Eck, J. E. (2010). Street robbery [Problem-oriented guides for police problem specific guides series, 59]. Center for Problem-Oriented Policing. https://popcenter.asu.edu/sites/default/files/problems/PDFs/street_robbery.pdf
Piquero, A. R., Farrington, D. P., & Blumstein, A. (2003). The criminal career paradigm. In M. Tonry (Ed.), Crime and justice (vol. 30, pp. 359-506). University of Chicago Press.
Santtila, P., Ritvanen, A., & Morkos, A. (2004). Predicting burglar characteristics from crime scene behaviour. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 6(3), 136-154. https://doi.org/10.1350/IJPS.6.3.136.39127
Sampson, R. J., & Laub, J. H. (2003). Life-course desisters? Trajectories of crime among delinquent boys followed to age 70. Criminology, 41(3), 555-592. https://doi.org/:10.1111/J.1745-9125.2003.TB00997.X
Sidebottom, A., & Bowers, K. (2009). Bag theft in bars: an analysis of relative risk, perceived risk and modus operandi. Security Journal, 23(3), 206-224. https://doi.org/:10.1057/SJ.2008.17
Sharp, S. & Coupe, R. T. (2019). Pickpocketing on railways. En R. Coupe, B. Ariel & K. Mueller-Johnson (eds), Crime Solvability Factors (pp. 89-106). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17160-5_6
Smith, B. T. (2013). Differential shoplifting risks of fastmoving consumer goods [Thesis Ph.D. Rutgers University]. https://doi.org/10.7282/T3QF8RHZ
Smith, C., Bowers, K. J., & Johnson, S. D. (2006). Understanding Bag Theft Within Licensed Premises in Westminster: Identifying Initial Steps Towards Prevention. Security Journal, 19(1), 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.sj.8350006
Sullivan, C. J., McGloin, J. M., Ray, J. V., & Caudy, M. S. (2009). Detecting specialization in offending: comparing analytic approaches. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 25(4), 419-441. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10940-009-9074-X
Tamami, O. C. (2015). Estudio del robo a transeúntes en el circuito de Santa Rosa de Chillogallo [Trabajo de graduación previo a la obtención del título de tecnólogo en Investigación de Policía Judicial]. https://docplayer.es/89316783-Instituto-tecnologico-superior-policianacional.html
Tompson, L. A., & Bowers, K. J. (2015). Testing time-sensitive influences of weather on street robbery. Crime Science, 4(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-015-0022-9
Vaughn, M. G., Delisi, M., Beaver, K. M., & Howard, M. O. (2008). Toward a quantitative typology of burglars: a latent profile analysis of career offenders. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 53(6), 1387-1393. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-29.2008.00873.x
Wright, R., Brookman, F., & Bennett, T. (2005). The foreground dynamics of street robbery in Britain. The British Journal of Criminology, 46(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azi055
Xu, J. (2011). Drive-Away Policing and Situational Crime Prevention in China. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 56(2), 239-264. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624x10395715
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2021 Revista Logos Ciencia & Tecnología Journal
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Esta revista proporciona acesso livre e imediato ao seu conteúdo (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode#languages), sob o princípio de que fazer disponível gratuitamente pesquisa ao público apoia a um maior intercâmbio de conhecimento global. Isto significa que os autores transferem o Copyright à revista, para que possam realizar cópias e distribuição dos conteúdos por qualquer meio, sempre que se mantenha o reconhecimento de seus autores, não faça uso comercial das obras e não realize nenhuma modificação delas.
