O panorama atual do papilomavírus humano e sua associação com o câncer do trato digestivo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22335/rlct.v13i1.1292Palavras-chave:
papilomavírus humano, câncer gastrointestinal, oncogênese, integração viralResumo
O câncer do trato digestivo é frequente no mundo todo; apesar dos esforços para controlar os fatores predisponentes conhecidos, os casos continuam aumentando, fato que sugere que o papilomavírus
humano (HPV) pode desempenhar um importante papel oncogênico nessas patologias. Para discutir a incidência do HPV na gênese dos tumores do trato gastrointestinal e para determinar se é um possível agente causal, foi revisada a literatura científica publicada até o momento sobre o assunto e verificou-se que 4,5% de todos os cânceres diagnosticados correspondem a HPV; 12% são extra cervicais, 20% de esôfago, 31,9% são adenomas de cólon, 43% adenocarcinoma colorretal e 35% neoplasmas de cabeça e pescoço (CECP). Os tipos de HPV encontrados no trato digestivo são 6, 9, 11, 13, 16,18, 20, 24, 25, 30, 33, 51, 54, 57, DL 416, DL 428 e DL 436. Embora os estudos mostrem o impacto do HPV na oncogênese e seu papel como marcador prognóstico em alguns deles, não há evidências concretas que revelem essa relação; portanto, demonstrar sua integração permitiria esclarecê-la.
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