System for Early Warning in Harsh Areas in the Context of the Military Applications

Cesar Iván  Rincón Pabón; José Antonio  García Torres; Darío Alexander Rodelo Cueto; Jhon Fredy  Rincón Morantes; Daniel Felipe Molina Martínez; Edith Pulido Herrera

doi:10.22335/rlct.v17i1.2012

Authors

Cesar I. Rincón Escuela Militar de Cadetes General José María Córdova https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0791-2404
José A. Garcia Escuela Militar de Cadetes General José María Córdova https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5592-3027
Dario Rodelo Universidad El Bosque https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8475-396X
Jhon F. Rincón Escuela Militar de Cadetes General José María Córdova https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4626-4365
Daniel F. Molina Escuela Militar de Cadetes General Jo´sé María Córdova https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4814-0275
Edith Pulido Universidad El Bosque https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7629-539X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22335/rlct.v17i1.2012

Keywords:

Passive alarm, passive infrared sensors (PIR), mobile patrol, surprise attacks.

Abstract

In the context of the Colombian armed conflict, the army is responsible for conducting control operations in challenging terrains where illegal armed groups operate. These operations face significant risks, including surprise attacks that may result in temporary or permanent injuries, loss of fundamental rights, and, in some cases, death. Therefore, it is crucial to equip army personnel with tools that enhance the security of communities and reduce the negative impacts of risky situations, such as ambushes. This study describes the design of the Tactical-Passive Early Warning System (SATP), created to assist mobile patrols in control operations, involving the development of two prototypes: SATP-1 and SATP-2. The SATP-1 provided data that informed the creation of the improved SATP-2 system, which utilizes passive infrared (PIR) sensors and radio frequency communication. This portable and low-cost system is easy to use in the field. Testing demonstrated excellent performance, with a nighttime detection rate of 94.2% and a 93% detection rate indoors under intense lighting conditions. Such developments can also be applied to other fields requiring high levels of security in complex or expansive areas, such as the agriculture sector.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Daniel F. Molina, Escuela Militar de Cadetes General Jo´sé María Córdova

Profesional en Ingenería Mecatrónica con especialización y magister en gerencia de proyectos. Cuenta con experencia en el desarrollo de proyectos de investigación en el área de Ingenieria y Simulación con enfasis en el sector defensa

References

Aguilera, M. (2019). Tomas y ataques guerrilleros (1965-2013). Anuario Colombiano de Historia Social y de la Cultura, 46(2), 337-340. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=127162206016

Almomani, A., Al-Nawasrah, A., Alomoush, W.,Al-Abweh, M., Alrosan, A., & Gupta, B. B. (2021). Information management and IoT technology for safety and security of smart home and farm systems. Journal of Global Information Management, 29 (1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.4018/JGIM.20211101.oa21

Alwan, M., Rajendran, P. J., Kell, S., Mack, D., Dalal, S., Wolfe, M., & Felder, R. (2006). A smart and passive floor-vibration-based fall detector for elderly. 2006 2nd International Conference on Information & Communication Technologies, 1, 1003-1007. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTTA.2006.1684511

Baranwal, T., Nitika, & Pateriya, P. K. (2016). Development of IoT-based smart security and monitoring devices for agriculture. 2016 6th International Conference - Cloud System and Big Data Engineering (Confluence), 597-602. https://doi.org/10.1109/CONFLUENCE.2016.7508189

Buyukakkaslar, M. T., Erturk, M. A., & Aydin, M. A. (2024). A review on radar-based human detection techniques. Sensors, 24 (17), 5709. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175709

Castaño-Gómez, M., López-Echeverry, A. M., & Villa-Sánchez, P. A. (2022). Review of the use of IoT technologies and devices in physical security systems. Ingeniería y Competitividad, 24 (1). https://doi.org/10.25100/iyc.v24i1.11034

Cui, H., & Dahnoun, N. (2021). High precision human detection and tracking using millimeterwave

radars. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, 36 (1), 22-32. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAES.2020.3021322

Ejército Nacional de Colombia. (2017). MFE 3-90 Ofensivas y defensivas. Bogotá, D.C: Centro de Doctrina del Ejército Nacional de Colombia. Autor.

Fajardo, D. (2013). ¡Basta ya! Colombia: Memorias de guerra y dignidad. Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica.

Han, S.-K., Lee, J.-H., & Jung, Y.-H. (2024). Convolutional neural network-based drone detection and classification using overlaid frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) range–Doppler images. Sensors, 24 (18), 5805. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175805

Indumil. (2023). Industria Militar de Colombia: Catálogo General. Indumil.

Institute of Metal Science, High-Tech. (2023). Independent underwater effector PDM-1B. https://high-tech-ims.com

Instituto de Planificación y Promoción de Soluciones Energéticas para Zonas no Interconectadas (IPSE). (2023). Un enfoque hacia la transición energética justa. Mundo Eléctrico, 145, 76-84. https://ipse.gov.co/documento_prensa/documento/publicaciones/2023/Publicaci%C3%B3n%20-%20Un%20enfoque%20hacia%20la%20transici%C3%B3n%20energ%C3%A9tica%20justa.pdf

Jin, X., Sarkar, S., Ray, A., Gupta, S., & Damarla, T. (2012). Target detection and classification using seismic and PIR sensors. IEEE Sensors Journal, 12(6), 1709-1718. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2011.2177257

Kaul, C., Mitchell, K. J., Kassem, K., Tragakis, A., Kapitany, V., Starshynov, I., ... & Faccio, D. (2024). AI-enabled sensor fusion of timeof-flight imaging and mmWave for concealed metal detection. Sensors, 24(18), 5865. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24185865

Lei, H., Fang, C., & Yueqin, L. (2010). Analysis of a human detection system based on electrostatic detection. 2010 International Conference on Intelligent System Design and Engineering Application, 1, 273–276. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISDEA.2010.434

Njanda, A. J. N., Gbadoubissa, J. E. Z., Radoi, E., Ari, A. A. A., Youssef, R., & Halidou, A. (2024). People counting using IR-UWB radar sensors and machine learning techniques. Systems and Soft Computing, 6, 200095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sasc.2024.200095

Nurhidayat, M. A., & Suratman, F. Y. (2024). Comparison of fundamental radar features for differentiating between walking and standing in horizontal and vertical movement directions. Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems, 11(9), 2085-2092. https://doi.org/10.18280/mmep.110908

Rincón, C. (2021). Sistema Táctico de Alarma Pasiva (STAP). Escuela de Infantería del Ejército Nacional.

Tanaka, J., Shiozaki, M., Aita, F., Seki, T., & Oba, M. (2014). Thermopile infrared array sensor for human detector application. 2014 IEEE 27th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), 1213-1216. https://doi.org/10.1109/MEMSYS.2014.6765866

Xing, Z., Hu, S., Ding, R., Yan, T., Xiong, X., & Wei, X. (2024). Multi-sensor dynamic scheduling for defending UAV swarms with Fresnel zone under complex terrain. ISA Transactions, 153, 57-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2024.08.004

Yarovoy, A. G., Ligthart, L. P., Matuzas, J., & Levitas, B. (2006). UWB radar for human being detection. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic

Systems Magazine, 21(6), 10-14. https://doi.org/10.1109/MAES.2006.1624185