The Reconstructive Psychological Evaluation (EPR) in homicide criminal investigations A Avaliação Psicológica Reconstrutiva (EPR) na investigação criminal de homicídios
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22335/rlct.v13i3.1449Keywords:
Criminal investigation, homicides, criminological profile, criminal psychologyAbstract
Along with quantitative rise in homicides in recent years, historically there have been cases whose criminal investigation is particularly complex. Hence, there is a constant demand for new methodologies that make the results of the investigative police teams work more effective. In this scenario, the Reconstructive Psychological Evaluation (EPR) emerge as a true possibility of carrying out an indirect and retrospective psychological evaluation in absence of the subject (victim/perpetrator), aimed to explain the possible relationship between these psychic characteristics and the criminal act. This article investigates the contributions of reconstructive psychological evaluation within the criminal investigation of homicides; particularly, the findings –reported in scientific literature– that are useful for an adequate interpretation of the evidence collected during this indirect evaluation method are reviewed. It’s concluded that the EPR constitutes a very useful element in highly complex criminal investigations. The need to overcome methodological barriers for the analysis and interpretation of the evidence raised is discussed.
Downloads
References
Abreu, V., Barker, E., Dickson, H., Husson, F., Flynn, S. & Shaw, J. (2019). Investigating homicide offender typologies based on their clinical histories and crime scene behaviour patterns. Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice, 5(3), 168-188. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCRPP-03-2019-0022
Acklin, M. W. (2018). Beyond the boundaries: Ethical issues in the practice of indirect personality assessment in non-health-service psychology. Journal of Personality Assessment, 102(2), 269-277. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2018.1522639
Al Mutawa, N., Bryce, J., Franqueira, V. N., Marrington, A., & Read, J. C. (2019). Behavioural digital forensics model: Embedding behavioural evidence analysis into the investigation of digital crimes. Digital Investigation, 28(1), 70-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diin.2018.12.003
Alison, L., Smith, M. D., & Morgan, K. (2003). Interpreting the accuracy of offender profiles. Psychology, Crime & Law, 9(2), 185-195. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316031000116274
Almond, L., Matin, E., & McManus, M. (2019). Predicting the criminal records of male-on-female UK homicide offenders from crime scene behaviors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence (Publicación anticipada online). https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519888522
Avdija, A. S., Gallagher, C. W., & Woods, D. D. (2021). Profiling homicide cases based on matched victimoffender demographic characteristics. Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling. https://doi.org/10.1002/jip.1570
Bartol, C.R. & Bartol, A. M. (2013). Criminal and Behavioral profiling. Sage.
Borges, S., Vidal, L. y Pérez, J. (2006). Aspectos médicolegales de la conducta suicida. Revista Hospital Psiquiátrico de la Habana, 3(1). http://www.revistahph.sld.cu/hph0106/hph011006.htm
Bórquez, P. (2012). Elaboración del informe médico de lesiones. Revista Médica de Chile, 140(3), 386-389. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872012000300017
Boyd, R. L., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2017). Language-based personality: a new approach to personality in a digital world. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 18(1), 63-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.07.017
Canter, D. V., Alison, L. J., Alison, E., & Wentink, N. (2004). The organized/disorganized typology of serial murder: Myth or model? Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 10(3), 293-320. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8971.10.3.293
Canter, D. & Youngs, D. (2009). Investigative Psychology: Offender Profiling and the Analysis of Criminal Action. John Wiley & Sons Ltda.
Carabellese, F., Candelli, C., Martinelli, D., La Tegola, D., & Catanesi, R. (2013). Cannabis use and violent behavior: a psychiatric patients cohort study in Southern Italy. Rivista Di Psichiatria, 48(1), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.1708/1228.13614
Carrasco, J. & Maza, J. (2010). Tratado de psiquiatría legal y forense. La Ley.
Ceballos-Espinoza, F. (2015). Aplicación forense de la autopsia psicológica en muertes de alta complejidad. Anuario de Psicología Jurídica, 25(1), 65-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apj.2015.02.004
Ceballos-Espinoza, F. (2017a). Paradigma indiciario y evidencia conductual: La investigación criminal desde la clínica psicoanalítica. Estudios Policiales, 12(1), 8-26.
Ceballos-Espinoza, F. (2017b). El perfil psicolingüístico. Aportes a la evaluación psicológica reconstructiva desde la narrativa del sujeto. En A. Tapias (Coord.), Psicología Forense. Casos y modelos de pericias para América Central y del Sur. pp. 213-232 Ediciones de la U.
Ceballos-Espinoza, F. (2021). De la criminología clásica a la criminología moderna. La investigación criminal multifactorial en la era digital. Formación y Desarrollo Policial, 3(1), 59-85.
Ceballos-Espinoza, F., Lanzarini, G., Alvarado, O. & Castillo, P. (2015). Caracterización criminógena del delito de homicidio en Chile a partir de los casos investigados por la PDI durante el periodo 2010-2014. [Tesis de pregrado para optar al título de Licenciado en Investigación Criminalística, Academia Superior de Estudios Policiales]. Santiago, Chile: PDI.
Chai, A. M. M., Beauregard, E., & Chopin, J. (2020). “Drop the Body”: Body Disposal Patterns in Sexual Homicide. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 5(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X20931436
Chan, H. C. O., Heide K. M., & Beauregard, E. (2019). Male and Female Single-Victim Sexual Homicide Offenders: Distinguishing the Types of Weapons Used in Killing Their Victims. Sexual Abuse: Journal of Research and Treatment, 31(2), 127-150. https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063217724765
Chancellor, A. S., & Graham, G. D. (2014). Staged crime scenes: crime scene clues to suspect misdirection of the investigation. Investigative Sciences Journal, 6(1), 19-35.
Chifflet, P. (2015). Questioning the validity of criminal profiling: An evidence-based approach. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 48(2), 238-255. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004865814530732
Chopin, J., Caneppele, S., & Beauregard, E. (2019). An analysis of mobility patterns in sexual homicide. Homicide studies, 24(2), 178-202. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088767919884601
Company, A., & Soria, M. Á. (2016). La violencia en la escena del crimen en homicidios en la pareja. Anuario de Psicología Jurídica, 26(1), 13-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apj.2015.09.001
Conner, K. R., Duberstein, P. R., & Conwell, Y. (2010). The validity of proxy based data in suicide research: a study of patients 50 years of age and older who attempted suicide. I. Psychiatric diagnoses. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 104(3), 204-209. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.2001.00091.x
Cwik, J. C., Kessler, H., Herpertz, S., Becker, G., Janetzky, S., Sheverdina, A., Westermann, K. & Teismann, T. (2017). Concordance of DSM-5®-Diagnoses Based on Diagnostic Interviews with People with Mental Disorders and Relatives or Friends: Implications for Psychological Autopsy Studies. Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, Medizinische Psychologie, 68(2), 75-81. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-118653
Douglas, J. E., Burgess, A. W., Burgess, A. G., Ressler, R. K. (2006). Crime classification manual: A standard system for investigating and classifying crimes (2º ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Douglas, J., & Munn, C. (1992). The detection of staging and personation at the crime scene. En J. Douglas, A. Burgess, A. G. Burgess, & R. Ressler (Eds.): Crime Classification Manual (pp. 249-252). Lexington Books.
Du Plessis, C. (2017). The method of psychobiography: Presenting a step-wise approach. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 14(2), 216-237. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2017.1284290
Ducat, L., McEwan, T., & Ogloff, J. (2015). An investigation of firesetting recidivism: Factors related to repeat offending. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 20(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1111/lcrp.12052
Ferguson, C. (2015). Staged homicides: An examination of common features of faked burglaries, suicides, accidents and car accidents. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 30(3), 139-157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s1189
Ferguson, C., & Petherick, W. (2016). Getting away with murder: An examination of detected homicides staged as suicides. Homicide Studies, 20(1), 3-24. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1088767914553099
Fox, B., & Farrington, D. P. (2018). What have we learned from offender profiling? A systematic review and meta-analysis of 40 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 144(12), 1247-1274. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000170
Fujita, G., Watanabe, K., Yokota, K., Kuraishi, H., Suzuki, M., Wachi, T., Otsuka, Y. (2013). Multivariate models for behavioral offender profiling of Japanese homicide. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 40, 214-230. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854812458425
Fujita, G., Watanabe, K., Yokota, K., Suzuki, M., Wachi, T., Otsuka, Y., & Kuraishi, H. (2016). A multivariate model for analyzing crime scene information: Predicting stranger, solo offender, and money-oriented motive of Japanese homicides. Homicide Studies, 20(4), 295-320. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088767915613828
García-Caballero, A., Recimil, M., Touriño, R., García-Lado, I., Alonso, M., Werlang, B.y Bendaña, J. (2010). Adaptación y validación de la Semi-Structured Interview for Psychological Autopsy (SSIPA) en español. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría, 38(1), 332–339.
García-Pérez, T. (1998). La autopsia psicológica en el homicidio. Revista de Medicina Legal de Costa Rica, 15(1), 21-22.
García-Pérez., T. (2007). Pericia en autopsia psicológica. Ediciones La Rocca.
Garrido, V. (2012). Perfiles Criminales. Un recorrido por el lado oscuro del ser humano. Ariel.
Garrido, V. & López, P. (2006). El rastro del asesino. El perfil psicológico de los criminales en la investigación policial. Ariel.
Gelles, M. (1995). Psychological autopsy: An investigative aid. En M. Kurke y E. Scrivner (Eds.), Police psychology into the 21st century. pp. 337-355. Lawrence E. Associates.
Gerard, F., Whitfield, K., & Browne, K. (2017). Exploration of crime-scene characteristics in juvenile homicide in the french-speaking part of Belgium. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 35(13), 2399-2421. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260517702489
Gil, L. M. (2013). La firma en el Criminal Profiling. Quadernos de Criminología, 20(1), 42-46.
González, J. (2015). La psicología criminalista en España: Presente y futuro. Papeles del Psicólogo, 36(2), 109-116.
Häkkänen, H., & Laajasalo, T. (2006). Homicide crime scene behaviors in a Finnish sample of mentally ill offenders. Homicide Studies, 10(1), 33-54. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1088767905283544
Hall, J. A., & Pennington, N. (2013). Self-monitoring, honesty, and cue use on Facebook: The relationship with user extraversion and conscientiousness. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1556-1564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.01.001
Hammond, L. (2014). Geographical profiling in a novel context: prioritizing the search for New Zealand sex offenders. Psychology, Crime & Law, 20(4), 358-371. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2013.793331.
Hammond, L. & Youngs, D. (2011), Decay functions and criminal spatial processes: geographical offender profiling of volume crime. Journal Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, 8(1), 90-102. https://doi.org/10.1002/jip.132.
Hanfland, K. A., Keppel, R., & Weis, J. (1997). Case Management for Missing Children Homicide Investigation. Olympia, Washington: Attorney General of Washington and US Department of Justice’s Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
Hazelwood, R. R., & Napier, M. R. (2004). Crime scene staging and its detection. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 48(6), 744-759. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X04268298
Healey, J., Beauregard, E., Beech, A., & Vettor, S. (2016). Is the sexual murderer a unique type of offender? A typology of violent sexual offenders using crime scene behaviors. Sexual Abuse, 28(6), 512-533. https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063214547583
Healey, J., Lussier, P., & Beauregard, E. (2013). Sexual sadism in the context of rape and sexual homicide: An examination of crime scene indicators. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 57(4), 402-424. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X12437536
Herrera, J., Vega, J., & Ruvalcaba, F. J. (2019). Autopsia psicológica: revisión y propuesta de aplicación en casos de suicidio y feminicidio en México. Psicología para América Latina, 32(1), 143-156.
Hirsh, J. B., & Peterson, J. B. (2009). Personality and language use in self-narratives. Journal of research in personality, 43(3), 524-527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2009.01.006
Holmes, R. M., & Holmes, S. T. (2008). Profiling violent crimes: An investigative tool. Sage.
Insight Crime Fundation. (2018). 2017 Homicide Rates for Latin America and the Caribbean. https://www.insightcrime.org/indepth/homicides/
Ivaskevics, K., & Almond, L. (2020). Predicting the criminal record of Hungarian homicide offenders from crime scene behaviours. Psychology, Crime & Law, 26(1), 22-33. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2019.1611831
Jiménez, J. (2012). Manual Práctico del Perfil Criminológico. Criminal Profiling (2da. Ed.). Lex Nova.
Kagan, K. (2020). Crime Scene as a Source of Information in the Process of Profiling the Unknown Perpetrator of Homicide. Studia Iuridica Lublinensia, 29(5), 81-102. https://doi.org/10.17951/sil.2020.29.5.81-102
Keppel, R. (1995). Signature Murders: A Report of Several Related Cases. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 40(4), 670-674. https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS13848J
Keppel, R. D. & Birnes, W. J. (2009). Serial Violence, Analysis of Modus Operandi and Signature Characteristics of Killers. CRC Press.
Keppel, R., & Weis, J. (2004). The Rarity of “Unusual” Dispositions of Victim Bodies: Staging and Posing. Journal of Forensic Science, 49(6), 1308-1312. https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS2004033
Keppel, R., Weis, J., Brown, K., & Welch, K. (2005). The Jack the Ripper murders: A modus operandi and signature analysis of the 1888–1891 Whitechapel murders. Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, 2(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1002/jip.22
Kernbach‐Wighton, G., & Madea, B. (2014). Auto‐Erotic Death. En B. Madea. Handbook of Forensic Medicine. pp. 525-552. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118570654.ch28
Khoshnood, A., Ohlsson, H., Sundquist, J., & Sundquist, K. (2020). Deadly violence in Sweden: profiling offenders through a latent class analysis. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 71(1), 101603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101603
Knabe-Nicol, S. & Alison, L. (2011). The cognitive expertise of geographic profilers. En L. Alison & L. Rainbow (eds.). Professionalizing offender profiling. 5-17. Routledge.
Kocsis, R. N. (2006). Criminal Profiling. Principles and Practice. Humana Press.
Kocsis, R. N. (2013). The criminal profiling reality: What is actually behind the smoke and mirrors? Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 13(2), 79-91. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228932.2013.765733
Kocsis, R. N., Middledorp, J., & Karpin, A. (2008). Taking stock of accuracy in criminal profiling: The theoretical quandary for investigative psychology. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 8(3), 244-261. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228930802282006
Kocsis, R. N., & Palermo, G. B. (2020). Clothes Don’t Maketh the Man nor a Criminal Profiler an Expert Witness. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 64(12), 1317-1340. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X20909218
Koeppel, S., Schlesinger, L., Craun, S., Keel, T., Rubin, D., & Kum, J. (2019). Foreign Object Insertions in Sexual Homicide. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 63(9), 1726-1737. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X18816247
Kopelman, E. (2015). Using crime scene analysis to identify psychopathic traits in sexually aggressive males. [Tesis de pregrado, Brandeis University]. http://hdl.handle.net/10192/30551
Kroll, J. & Pouncey, C. (2016). The ethics of APA’s Goldwater rule. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 44(2), 226-235.
Lee, C. H., Kim, K., Seo, Y. S., & Chung, C. K. (2007). The relations between personality and language use. The Journal of General Psychology, 134(4), 405-413. https://doi.org/10.3200/GENP.134.4.405-414
Lilienfeld, S. O., Miller, J. D., & Lynam, D. R. (2018). The Goldwater rule: Perspectives from, and implications for, psychological science. Perspectives on Psychological Science: A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 13(1), 3-27. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617727864
Litman, R. (1989). 500 Psychological autopsies. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 34(3), 638-646.
Lundrigan, S. & Canter, D. (2001). A multivariate analysis of Serial Murderers’ disposal site location choice. Journal on Environmental Psychology, 21(4), 423-432. https://doi.org/10.1006/jevp.2001.0231
Marengo, D., Giannotta, F., & Settanni, M. (2017). Assessing personality using emoji: An exploratory study. Personality and Individual Differences, 112(1), 74-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.02.037
Martineau, M., & Beauregard, E. (2016). Journey to murder: Examining the correlates of criminal mobility in sexual homicide. Police Practice and Research, 17(1), 68-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2014.994215
Mokros, A., Schilling, F., Weiss, K., Nitschke, J., & Eher, R. (2014). Sadism in sexual offenders: Evidence for dimensionality. Psychological Assessment, 26(1), 138-147. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034861
Neller, D. J. (2019). Foundations of indirect assessment. En M. A. Staal & S. C. Harvey (Eds.), Operational psychology: A new field to support national security and public safety. pp. 211–240. Praeger/ABC-CLIO.
Nethery, K. (2004). Non-familial abductions that end in homicide: an analysis of the distance patterns and disposal sites. [Tesis Doctoral, Simon Fraser University]. https://ir.lib.sfu.ca/item/7722
Norza-Céspedes, E., Merchán-Rojas, L., Morales-Quintero, L. A., & Meléndez-Cardona, D. (2013). Perfilación criminológica: una revisión de la literatura y su aplicación en la investigación criminal en Colombia. Revista Criminalidad, 55(3), 309-336.
Norza Céspedes, E., Moreno Rodríguez, J., Vargas Espinosa, N. M., Rodríguez-Mesa, L. S., Villamil González, J. L., & Herrera Vanegas, M. C. (2021). La técnica de perfilación criminológica: conocimiento, características y utilidad en Colombia. Revista Criminalidad, 63(1), 155-171.
Oficina de Naciones Unidas Contra la Droga y el Delito (UNOCD). (2019). Global Study on Homicide. Executive Summary. ONU. https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/gsh/Booklet1.pdf
Orvaschel, H., Thompson, W. D., Belanger, A., Prusoff, B. A., & Kidd, K. K. (1982). Comparison of the family history method to direct interview: factors affecting the diagnosis of depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 4(1), 49-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0327(82)90019-2
Pabón, D. K., & Delgado, J. A. (2019). Métodos, modelos y evaluación en la autopsia psicológica: Una revisión bibliográfica en Iberoamérica. Revista Criminalidad, 61(2), 145-159.
Pachar, J. V. (2018). La participación del médico forense en la escena del crimen. Medicina Legal de Costa Rica, 35(1), 102-114.
Pecino-Latorre, M. D., Pérez-Fuentes, M. D., & Patró-Hernández, R. M. (2019). Homicide Profiles Based on Crime Scene and Victim Characteristics. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(19), 3629. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193629
Pennebaker, J. W. (2018). Expressive writing in psychological science. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(2), 226-229. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617707315
Pennebaker, J. W., & King, L. A. (1999). Linguistic styles: language use as an individual difference. Journal of personality and social psychology, 77(6), 1296-1312. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1296
Petherick, W., & Brooks, N. (2020). Reframing criminal profiling: a guide for integrated practice. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 1, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2020.1837030
Pollitt, M. (2013). History, historiography and the hermeneutics of the hard drive. En IFIP International Conference on Digital Forensics pp. 3-17. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41148-9_1
Ponterotto, J. G. (2017). A counsellor’s guide to conducting psychobiographical research. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 39(3), 249-263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-017-9295-x
Poythress, N.; Otto, R.; Darkes, J.; Starr, L. (1993). APA’s Expert Panel in the Congressional Review of the USS Iowa Incident. American Psychologist, 48(1), 8-15.
Reilly, W. (2019). Characteristics of Cause of Death, Victim, Crime, Offender, and Familial Relationship. [Tesis Doctoral, Universidad de Walden. Minesota]. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7726/
Ressler, R., & Burgess, A. (1985). Crime scene and profile characteristics of organized and disorganized murders. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 54(8), 18-25.
Ribeiro, R. A., & De Matos, C. B. (2021). Analysing criminal profiling validity: Underlying problems and future directions. International journal of law and psychiatry, 74, 101670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101670
Rubtcova, M., Pavenkov, O., & Pavenkov, V. (2017). Main Approaches to Analysis of Crime Scene Examination. En Proceedings of the Applied Research in Crime and Justice Conference, Dockside Function Centre, Darling Harbour, Sydney, pp. 15-16. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2920192
Russell, M., Schlesinger, L., Leon, M., & Holdren, S. (2018). “Undoing” (or Symbolic Reversal) at Homicide Crime Scenes. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 63(2), 478-483. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.13556
Salfati, C. G. (2000). The nature of expressiveness and instrumentality in homicide: implications for offender profiling. Homicide Studies, 4(1), 265–293. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088767900004003004
Salfati, C. G., & Canter, D. V. (1999). Differentiating stranger murders: Profiling offender characteristics from behavioral styles. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 17(3), 391-406. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0798(199907/09)17:3<391::AID-BSL352>3.0.CO;2-Z
Salfati, C., & Taylor, P. (2006). Differentiating sexual violence: A comparison of sexual homicide and rape. Psychology, Crime & Law, 12(2), 107-125. https://doi.org/10.1080/10683160500036871
Santos‐Hermoso, J., Villalba‐García, D., Camacho‐Collados, M., Tejeiro, R., & González‐Álvarez, J. L. (2021). A study on the journey to homicide and offender characteristics in Spain. Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling. p. 99. https://doi.org/10.1002/jip.1568
Saxbe, D. E., Yang, X. F., Borofsky, L. A., & Immordino-Yang, M. H. (2013). The embodiment of emotion: language use during the feeling of social emotions predicts cortical somatosensory activity. Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 8(7), 806-812. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nss075
Schneider, B., Maurer, K., Sargk, D., Heiskel, H., Weber, B., Frölich, L., Georgi, K., Fritze, J. & Seidler, A. (2004). Concordance of DSM-IV Axis I and II diagnoses by personal and informant’s interview. Psychiatry Research, 127(1), 121-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2004.02.015
Sea, J., & Beauregard, E. (2017). An analysis of crime scene behavior in Korean homicide. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(2), 184-207. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0886260517724832
Sendler, D. J. (2018). Lethal asphyxiation due to sadomasochistic sex training—How some sex partners avoid criminal responsibility even though their actions lead to someone’s death. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 56(1), 59-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2018.03.012
Shneidman, E. (1981) The Psychological Autopsy. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 11(4), 325-340. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278X.1981.tb01009.x
Snook, B., Zito, M., Bennell, C., & Taylor, P. (2005). On the complexity and accuracy of geographic profiling strategies. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 21(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-004-1785-4
Soria, M. (2006). La Psicología policial. En M. Soria y D. Sáiz (Coord.). Psicología Criminal. 275-310. Pearson Educación.
Soto, J. (2014). Manual de Investigación Psicopatológica del delito. El método Vera. Pirámide.
Tausczik, Y. R., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2010). The psychological meaning of words: LIWC and computerized text analysis methods. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 29(1), 24-54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X09351676
Thompson, W. D., Orvaschel, H., Prusoff, B. A., & Kidd, K. K. (1982). An evaluation of the family history method for ascertaining psychiatric disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 39(1), 53-58. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290010031006
Torres, R. (2007). Autopsia psicológica. Evaluación crítica y su aplicabilidad en el ámbito forense. Anuario de Psicología Jurídica, 17(1), 11-130.
Torres, R. (2010). Psicología aplicada a la investigación criminal. Estudios Policiales, 5(1), 29-55.
Torres, R. y Manzo, J. (2004). La autopsia psicológica como herramienta para la orientación de muertes indeterminadas. Cuadernos de Criminología, 14(1), 111-134.
Turvey, B. (1999). Criminal Profiling. An introduction to behavioral evidence analysis. Elsevier Academic Press.
Velasco, C. (2014). La psicología aplicada a la investigación criminal. La autopsia psicológica como herramienta de evaluación forense. Revista Electrónica de Ciencia Penal y Criminología, 16(2), 1-41.
Vigliocco, G., Perniss, P., Vinson, D. (2014). Language as a multimodal phenomenon: implications for language learning, processing and evolution. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B, 369, 20130292. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0292
Walton, G. M., & Wilson, T. D. (2018). Wise interventions: Psychological remedies for social and personal problems. Psychological Review, 125(5), 617. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000115
Werlang, B. y Botega, N. (2003). A semistructured interview for psychological autopsy: an inter-rater reliability study. Suicide Life-Threat Behavoir, 33(1), 326–330.
Wiggins, J.S. (2003). Paradigms of personality assessment. Guilford.
Wolf, M., Sedway, J., Bulik, C. M., & Kordy, H. (2007). Linguistic analyses of natural written language: Unobtrusive assessment of cognitive style in eating disorders. International journal of eating disorders, 40(8), 711-717. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.20445
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Revista Logos Ciencia & Tecnología
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This journal provides free and immediate access to its content (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode#languages), under the principle that making research available to the public free of charge supports greater global knowledge exchange. This means that the authors transfer the Copyrights to the journal, so that the material can be copied and distributed by any means, as long as the authors’ recognition is maintained, and the articles are not commercially used or modified in any way.