Perfilación geográfica del hurtador en Barcelona

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22335/rlct.v13i2.1423

Palabras clave:

commuters, distancia, hurto, marauders, policía

Resumen

El hurto es el delito más recurrente en Barcelona, que causa una percepción de inseguridad ciudadana, y que plantea la necesidad de crear estrategias de prevención e intervención por parte de la policía, siendo de gran ayuda la perfilación geográfica. Así, el objetivo principal de esta investigación es establecer el perfil geoespacial de una muestra de hurtadores, mediante un estudio empírico, descriptivo y aplicado, en el que se empleó el método cuantitativo. Se partió de una muestra inicial de 66 delincuentes, en la cual se analizó la distancia del domicilio al lugar del hurto, y de una segunda muestra de 15, para comparar los perfiles de los commuters y los maraduers y establecer la safety zone y la decay distance. De acuerdo con la teoría; los ladrones nocturnos viven más cerca del lugar del hurto que los diurnos, la mayoría residen en la zona metropolitana y hurtan aproximadamente a unos 5 km de su domicilio. Se distribuyen  equitativamente entre commuters y marauders, siendo los marauders los que recorren distancias más cortas y delinquen de forma más recurrente. Concretamente, en Barcelona, tres de cada diez vuelven a delinquir dentro de los 70 días posteriores al hurto; para los marauders se estableció la safety zone a una distancia de 0.36 km y la decay distance a 3 km de su domicilio.

Descargas

Los datos de descarga aún no están disponibles.

Referencias

Bernasco, W. (2007). The usefulness of measuring spatial opportunity structures for tracking down offenders: A theoretical analysis of geographic offender profiling using simulation studies. Psychology, Crime & Law, 13(2), 155-171. https://doi.org/10.1080/10683160600558402

Bernasco, W. (2008). Them again? Same-offender involvement in repeat and near repeat burglaries. European Journal of Criminology, 5(4), 411-431. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370808095124

Bernasco, W., & Kooistra, T. (2010). Effects of residential history on commercial robbers’ crime location choices. European Journal of Criminology, 7(4), 251-265. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370810363372

Bernasco, W., & Nieuwbeerta, P. (2005). How do residential burglars select target areas? A new approach to the analysis of criminal location choice. British Journal of Criminology, 45(3), 296-315. https://doi.org/102013.1093/bjc/azh070

Bernasco, W., Block, R., & Ruiter, S. (2013). Go where the money is: Modeling street robbers’ location choices. Journal of Economic Geography, 13(1), 119-143. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbs005

Bernasco, W., Johnson, S. D., & Ruiter, S. (2015). Learning where to offend: Effects of past on future burglary locations. Applied Geography, 60, 120-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.03.014

Bernasco, W., Ruiter, S., & Block, R. (2017). Do street robbery location choices vary over time of day or day of week? A test in Chicago. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 54(2), 244-275. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427816680681

Block, R., & Bernasco, W. (2009). Finding a serial burglar’s home using distance decay and conditional origin–destination patterns: a test of empirical Bayes journey‐to‐crime estimation in the Hague. Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, 6(3), 187-211. https://doi.org/10.1002/jip.108

Boivin, R. (2018). Routine activity, population (s) and crime: Spatial heterogeneity and conflicting propositions about the neighborhood crime-population link. Applied geography, 95, 79-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2018.04.016

Bowers, K., & Johnson, S. D. (2015). Poetry in motion: the case of insider and outsider offenders. En M. A. Andresen et al. (Eds.), The Criminal Act (pp. 115-130). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137391322_9

Bowers, K. J., & Johnson, S. D. (2016). Situational prevention. En D. Weisburd, D. Farrington, C. Gill (Eds.), What Works in Crime Prevention and Rehabilitation: Lessons from systematic reviews (pp. 111-135). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3477-5_4

Branic, N. (2015). Routine activities theory. En W. G. Jennings (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment (pp.1-3). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118519639.wbecpx059

Brantingham, P. J., & Brantingham, P. L. (1981). Notes of the geometry of crime. En P. J. Brantingham., & P. L. Brantingham (Eds.), Environmental Criminology (pp. 27-54). Sage Publications.

Brantingham, P. J., & Brantingham, P. L. (2008). Crime pattern theory. En R. Wortley y M. Townsley (Eds.), Environmental Criminology and Crime Analysis (pp. 78-93). Willan.

Brunt, P., & Hambly, Z. (1999). Tourism and crime: A research agenda. Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 1(2), 25-36. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.cpcs.8140013

Canter, D. & Hodge, S. (2000). Criminals mental maps. En L. S. Turnball, E. Hallisey-Hendrix & B. D. Dent (Eds.), Atlas of Crime (pp.187-191). Oryx Press.

Canter, D., & Larkin, P. (1993). The environmental range of serial rapists. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 13(1), 63-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(05)80215-4

Castro, M. C., & Martini, H. A. (2014). Potencia estadística y cálculo del tamaño del efecto en G* Power: complementos a las pruebas de significación estadística y su aplicación en psicología. Salud & Sociedad, 5(2), 210-224.

Cohen, L. E., & Felson, M. (1979). Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach. American Sociological Review, 44(4), 588-608. https://doi.org/10.2307/2094589

Cornish, D. B., & Clarke, R. V. (1986). The reasoning criminal: Rational choice perspectives on offending. Springer-Veralg.

Daele, S. V., & Bernasco, W. (2012). Exploring directional consistency in offending: The case of residential burglary in The Hague. Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, 9(2), 135-148. https://doi.org/10.1002/jip.1358

Eck, J. E. (2018). Regulation for high-crime places: Theory, evidence, and principles. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 679(1), 106-120. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716218778764

Emeno, K., & Bennell, C. (2013). The effectiveness of calibrated versus default distance decay functions for geographic profiling: a preliminary examination of crime type. Psychology, Crime & Law, 19(3), 215-232. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2011.621426

Felson, M., & Boivin, R. (2015). Daily crime flows within a city. Crime Science, 4(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-015-0039-0

Frith, M. J., Johnson, S. D., & Fry, H. M. (2017). Role of the street network in burglars’ spatial decisionmaking. Criminology, 55(2), 344–376. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12133

Glasner, P., & Leitner, M. (2017). Evaluating the impact the weekday has on near-repeat victimization: A spatio-temporal analysis of street robberies in the city of Vienna, Austria. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 6(1), 3-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6010003

Goodwill, A. M., & Alison, L. J. (2006). The development of a filter model for prioritising suspects in burglary offences. Psychology, Crime & Law, 12(4), 395-416 https://doi.org/10.1080/10683160500056945

Haberman, C. P., & Ratcliffe, J. H. (2015). Testing for temporally differentiated relationships among potentially criminogenic places and census block street robbery counts. Criminology, 53(3), 457-483. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12076

Hägerstrand, T. (1989). Reflections on “what about people in regional science?”. Papers of the Regional Science Association, 66(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.1989.tb01166.x

Hart, T. C., & Miethe, T. D. (2014). Street robbery and public bus stops: a case study of activity nodes and situational risk. Security Journal, 27(2), 180-193. https://doi.org/10.1057/sj.2014.5

Hipp, J. R., & Kim, Y. A. (2019). Explaining the temporal and spatial dimensions of robbery: Differences across measures of the physical and social environment. Journal of Criminal Justice, 60, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2018.10.005

Jefatura del Estado Español (1995). Ley Orgánica 10 de 23 de noviembre. Código Penal. BOE-A-1995-25444. https://www.boe.es/eli/es/lo/1995/11/23/10/con

Kocsis, R. N., & Irwin, H. J. (1997). An analysis of spatial patterns in serial rape, arson, and burglary: the utility of the circle theory of environmental range for psychological profiling. Psychiatry, Psychology & Law, 4(2), 195-206 https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719709524910

Lantz, B., & Hutchison, R. (2015). Co-offender ties and the criminal career: group characteristics, persistence, desistance, and the individual offender. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 52(5), 658-690. 690.https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427815576754

Lantz, B., & Ruback, R. B. (2017). A networked boost: Burglary co-offending and repeat victimization using a network approach. Crime & Delinquency, 63(9), 1066-1090. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128715597695

Long, D., Liu, L., Feng, J., Zhou, S., & Jing, F. (2018). Assessing the influence of prior on subsequent street robbery location choices: a case study in ZG city, China. Sustainability, 10(6), 1818-1834. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10061818

Monk, K., Heinonen, J. A., & Eck, J. E. (2010). Street Robbery: The Problem of Street Robbery What This Guide Does and Does Not Cover. Center for Problem-OrientedPolicing. U.S. Department of Justice https://cops.usdoj.gov/RIC/Publications/cops-p181-pub.pdf

Pettiway, L. E. (1982). Mobility of robbery and burglary offenders: Ghetto and nonghetto spaces. Urban Affairs Quarterly, 18(2), 255-270. https://doi.org/10.1177/004208168201800206

Phillips, P. D. (1980). Characteristics and Typology of the Journey to Crime. En D. Georges-Abeyie y K. D. Harries (Eds.), Crime: A spatial perspective (pp. 167-180). Columbia University Press.

Piza, E. L. & Kennedy, D. (2003). Transit stops, robbery, and routine activities: Examining street robbery in the Newark, NJ subway environment. https://proceedings.esri.com/library/userconf/proc04/docs/pap1303.pdf

Rengert, G. F., Piquero, A. R., & Jones, P. R. (1999). Distance decoy re-examined. Criminology, 37(2), 425–427. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1999.tb00492.x

Rhodes, W. M., & Canly, C. (1981). Crime and mobility: An empirical study. En P. J. Brantinghman & P. L. Brantingham (Eds.), Environmental Criminology (pp. 167-188). Sage Publications.

Rossmo, D. K. (1995). Geographic profiling: Target patterns of serial murderers [Tesis doctoral, School of Criminology, Simon Fraser University]. https://core.ac.uk/reader/56371040

Sarangi, S., & Youngs, D. (2006). Spatial patterns of Indian serial burglars with relevance to geographical profiling. Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, 3(2), 105-115. https://doi.org/10.1002/jip.38

Sidebottom, A., & Wortley, R. (2016). Environmental criminology. En A. R. Piquero (Ed.), The Handbook of Criminological Theory (pp. 156-181). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118512449.ch9

Tompson, L., & Bowers (2013). A stab in the dark? A research note on temporal patterns of Street robbery. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 50(4), 616-631. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427812469114

Tucker, R., O’Brien, D. T., Ciomek, A., Castro, E., Wang, Q., & Phillips, N. E. (2021). Who ‘Tweets’ Where and When, and How Does it Help Understand Crime Rates at Places? Measuring the Presence of Tourists and Commuters in Ambient Populations. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-020-09487-1

Vandeviver, C., & Bernasco, W. (2019). “Location, location, location”: Effects of neighborhood and house attributes on burglars’ target selection. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 36, 779–821. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-019-09431-y

Weisburd, D. (2015). The law of crime concentration and the criminology of place. Criminology, 53(2), 133-157. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12070

Publicado

2021-06-15

Número

Sección

Artículos de investigación / Artículos Originales

Cómo citar

Perfilación geográfica del hurtador en Barcelona. (2021). Revista Logos Ciencia & Tecnología, 13(2), 115-133. https://doi.org/10.22335/rlct.v13i2.1423