Impacto del entrenamiento en resiliencia y manejo del estrés: estudio de caso en la Policía Nacional de Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22335/rlct.v13i1.1323Palabras clave:
bienestar, estrés, HeartMath, policía, psicofisiología, resilienciaResumen
A diario los profesionales de policía deben servir y proteger a su comunidad en un ambiente sociocultural, económico, político y familiar cambiante, caracterizado por ciudadanos cada vez más exigentes con sus necesidades, el buen trato y varios aspectos relacionados con su seguridad. Esta dinámica incide en los niveles de estrés, los factores de riesgo personal y laboral de los profesionales de policía. Este estudio centró su objetivo en analizar el impacto de la estrategia de formación implementada en 76 uniformados dedicados a las labores de prevención del delito y convivencia ciudadana, empleando las técnicas de respiración enfocadas en el corazón y coherencia rápida, equipos innovadores de biorretroalimentación y medición del Instituto HeartMath. Los resultados dejan en evidencia que los uniformados lograron reducir de manera significativa su frecuencia cardíaca promedio, mejorando su capacidad para respirar controladamente durante sus actividades rutinarias. Esta menor reactividad de la frecuencia cardiaca revela un mejor desempeño policial.
Descargas
Referencias
Andersen, J. P., Dorai, M., Papazoglou, K., & Arnetz, B. B. (2016). Diurnal and reactivity measures of cortisol in response to intensive resilience and tactical training among special forces police. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 58(7), 242-248. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000756
Anderson, G., Litzenberger, R., & Plecas, D. (2002). Physical evidence of police officer stress. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 25(2), 399-420. https://doi.org/10.1108/13639510210429437
Anderson, J., Papaazoglou, K., Koskelainen, M., Nyman, M., Gustafsberg, H., & Arnetz, B. (2015). Applying resilience promotion training among Special Forces Police officers. Sage Open, 5(2), 1-8.
Arguelles, L., McCraty, R., & Rees, R. (2003). The heart in holistic education. Encounter: Education for meaning and Social Justice, 16(3), 1-21.
Arnetz, B., Nevedal, D., Lumley, M., & Backman, L. (2009). Trauma resilience training for police: Psychophysiological and performance effects. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 24(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-008-9030-y
Averill, L. A., Averill, C. L., Kelmendi, B., Abdallah, C. G., & Southwick, S. M. (2018). Stress response modulation underlying the psychobiology of resilience. Current Psychiatry Reports, 20(27). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-018-0887-x
Balmer, G., Pooley, J., & Cohen, L. (2013). Psychological resilience of Western Australian police officer: Relationship between resilience, coping style, psychological functioning and demographics. Police Practice and Research: An International Journal, 15, 270-282.
Blaikie, N. (2003). Analyzing quantitative data: From description to explanation. Sage Publications.
Burnett, ME, Sheard, I., & St Clair-Thompson, H. (2020). The prevalence of compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction and perceived stress, and their relationships with mental toughness, individual differences and number of self-care actions in a UK police force. Police Practice and Research, 21(4), 383-400, https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2019.1617144
Carleton, R. N., Afifi, T. O., Taillieu, T., Turner, S., Mason, J. E., Ricciardelli, R., …,Griffiths, C. T. (2020). Assessing the relative impact of diverse stressors among public safety personnel. International Journal of. Environmental Research Public Health, 17(4), 1234.
Castro, Y., Orjuela, M., Lozano, C., Avendaño, B., & Vargas, N. (2012). Estado de salud de una muestra de policías y su relación con variables policiales. Diversitas: Perspectivas en Psicología, 8(1), 53-71.
Chitra, T., & Karunanidhi, S. (2018). The impact of resilience training on occupational stress, resilience, job satisfaction, and psychological well-being of female police officers. Journal Police Criminal Psychology, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-018-9294-9
Conrad, D., & Kellar-Guenther, Y. (2006). Compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction among Colorado child protection workers. Child Abuse & Neglect, 30(10), 1071-1080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.03.009
Covey, T., Shucard, J., Violanti, J., Lee, J., & Shucard, D. (2013). The effects of exposure to traumatic stressors on inhibitory control in police officers: A dense electrode array study using a Go/NoGo continuous performance task. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 87(3), 363-375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.03.009
De Terte, I., Stephens, C., & Huddleston, L. (2014). The development of a three-part model of psychological resilience. Stress Health, 30(5), 416-424.
Dirección de Investigación Criminal e Interpol (Dijin) (2019). Indicadores de seguridad y convivencia, Suba. Sistema de Información Estadístico, Delincuencial, Contravencional y Operativo (Siedco) [conjunto de datos]. Policía Nacional de Colombia.
Ermasova, N., Cross, A. D., & Ermasova, E. (2020). Perceived stress and coping among law enforcement officers: An empirical analysis of patrol versus non-patrol officers in illinois, USA. Journal Police Criminal Psychology, 35(2), 48-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-019-09356-z
Frank, J., Lambert, E. G., & Qureshi, H. (2017). Examining police officer work stress using the job demands–resources model. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 33(4), 348-367. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043986217724248
Galanis, P., Fragkou, D., Kaitelidou, D., Kalokairinou, A., & Katsoulas, T. A. (2019). Risk factors for occupational stress among Greek police officers. Policing: An International Journal, 42(4), 506-519. https://doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-09-2018-0131
Gilmartin, K. (2002). Emotional survival for law enforcement: A guide for officers and their families. E-S Press. Gutshall, C. L., Hampton, D. P., Sebetan, I. M., Stein, P. C., & Broxtermann, T. J. (2017). The effects of occupational stress on cognitive performance in police officers. Police Practice and Research, 18(5), 463-477. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2017.1288120
Hartley, T., Burchfield, C., Fekedulegn, D., Andrew, M., & Violanti, J. (2011). Health disparities in police officers: comparisons to the U. S. general population. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 13(4), 211-220.
Hartley, T., Burchfiel, C., & Violanti, J. (2008). Police and stress. Center for the Disease Control and Prevention. http://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2008/06/ 30/police/
Kaplan, J. B., Bergman, A. L., Christopher, M., Bowen, S. & Hunsinger, M. (2017). Role of resilience in mindfulness training for first responders. Mindfulness, 8, 1373-1380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0713-2
Keech, J. J., Cole, K. L., Hagger, M. S., & Hamilton, K. (2020). The association between stress mindset and physical and psychological wellbeing: Testing a stress beliefs model in police officers. Psychology & Health, 26, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2020.1743841
Lombana, C. (2009). Factores determinantes en la salud mental del uniformado activo de la Policía Nacional de Colombia. Revista Logos Ciencia y Tecnología, 1(1), 59-66. https://doi.org/10.22335/rlct.v1i1.31
McCraty, R. (2015). Science of the heart: Exploring the role of the heart in human performance (Vol. 2). HeartMath Institute.
McCraty, R. & Atkinson, M. (2012). Resilience training program reduces physiological and psychological stress in police officers. Global Advances in Health and Medicine, 1(5), 44-66. https://doi.org/10.7453/gahmj.2012.1.5.013
McCraty, R., Atkinson, M., Tomasino, D., & Bradley, R. T. (2009). The coherent heart: Heart-brain interactions, psychophysiological coherence, and the emergence of system-wide order. Integral Review, 5(2), 10-115.
Ministerio de Defensa Nacional (2019). Política Marco de Convivencia y seguridad ciudadana. Ministerio de Defensa Nacional. https://www.mininterior.gov.co/sites/default/files/politica_marco_de_convivencia_y_seguridad_ciudadana.pdf
Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social (2018, 7 de noviembre). Resolución 0004886, Política Nacional de Salud Mental.
Nieto, J. (2018). Modelo holístico de liderazgo policial (Tesis doctoral). Universidad EAN, Bogotá (Colombia). http://168.227.244.104:8080/handle/123456789/1142
Nieto, J. (2020). Centro de Innovación y Ciencia de Policía Polis: una respuesta a las nuevas generaciones. Seguri Latam. Revista de Seguridad Integral, 13, 64-65.
Organización Mundial de la Salud (2004). Invertir en salud mental. Biblioteca de la OMS.
Quick, J. C., Quick, J. D., Nelson, D. L., & Hurrell J. J. Jr. (1997). Preventive stress management in organizations. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10238-000
Ramey, S., Downing, N., Franke, W., Perkhounkova, Y., & Alasagheirin, M. (2012). Relationships among stress measures, risk factors, and inflammatory bio-markers in law enforcement officers. Biological Research of Nursing, 14(1), 16-26.
Ramey, S. L., Perkhounkova, Y., Hein, M, Bohr, N. L., & Anderson, A. A. (2017). Testing a resilience training program in police recruits: A pilot study. Biological Research for Nursing, 19(4), 440-449. https://doi.org/10.1177/1099800417699879
Rozman, D (2013). HeartMath meditation assitant: Integrating emwave and inner balance technologies. HeartMath Institute.
Sánchez, J., Sanz, M., & Apellaniz, A. (2001). Policía y estrés laboral. Estresores organizativos como causa de morbilidad psiquiátrica. Revista de la Sociedad Española de Salud Laboral en la Administración Pública, 1(4), 21-25.
Smit, A., Slagmolen, N., & Brepoels, M. (2016). Resilience investigated (2010-2015). On human processes in police work. Eleven International Publishing.
Tepper, B., Duffy, M., & Shaw, J. (2001). Personality moderators of the relationship between abusive supervision and subordinates’ resistance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(5), 974-983.
Waters, J., & Ussery, W. (2007). Police stress: History, contributing factors, symptoms, and interventions. Policing an International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 30(2), 169-188.
Welch, S., & Comer, J. (1988). Quantitative methods for public administration: Techniques and applications. Brooks/ColePub. Co.
Wright, B., Barbosa-Leiker, C., & Hoekstra, T. (2011). Law enforcement officer versus non-law enforcement officer status as a longitudinal predictor of traditional and emerging cardiovascular risk factors. Journal Occupational Environmental Medicine, 53(7), 730-734.
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2020 Revista Logos Ciencia & Tecnología
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Esta revista provee acceso libre e inmediato a su contenido (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), bajo el principio de hacer disponible gratuitamente la investigación al público y apoyar a un mayor intercambio de conocimiento global.