Perspectiva actual del virus del papiloma humano y su asociación con el cáncer del tracto digestivo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22335/rlct.v13i1.1292Palabras clave:
virus del papiloma humano, cánceres gastrointestinales, oncogénesis, integración viralResumen
Los cánceres del tracto digestivo son frecuentes en todo el mundo, a pesar de los esfuerzos por controlar los factores de predisposición conocidos, siguen aumentando, este hecho sugiere que el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) puede desempeñar un papel oncogénico importante en estas patologías. Con el fin de argumentar la incidencia que tiene el VPH en la génesis de los tumores del tracto gastrointestinal y determinar si es un posible agente causal, se revisó la literatura científica publicada hasta la fecha sobre el tema, y se encontró que el 4.5% de todos los cánceres diagnosticados corresponden a VPH; 12% a extracervical, 20% a esófago, 31.9% a adenomas de colon, 43% a adenocarcinoma colorrectal y 35% a neoplasias de cabeza y cuello (HNSCC). Los tipos de VPH reportados en el tracto digestivo son 6, 9, 11, 13, 16.18, 20, 24, 25, 30, 33, 51, 54, 57, DL 416, DL 428 y DL 436. Si bien los estudios muestran el impacto del VPH en la oncogénesis y su rol como marcador pronóstico en algunos de ellos, no tienen evidencia contundente que revele esta relación, por lo tanto, demostrar su integración permitiría esclarecerla.
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